Tuesday, 25 November 2014

Killing China’s subtitle sites won’t stop movie piracy. Here’s what will.

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Over the weekend, one of my favorite Chinese websites shut down. Shooter.cn, a search engine for mostly fan-made movie and TV subtitles, posted a “goodbye forever” message on Saturday and took all its services offline. On the same day, Yyets, a popular Chinese site for downloading TV shows and films, took some of its services offline for “cleaning up content”. The reason for the shutdowns hasn’t been officially announced, but it is being widely interpreted as an anti-piracy move.


And to be fair, even Shooter.cn – which only offered subtitle files, not actual films or shows for download – does have a clear relationship with movie piracy. A lot of people in China would torrent a popular movie or TV show and then go to Shooter.cn to find Chinese subtitles for it. The site may not have been directly engaged in movie piracy, but it certainly facilitated it.


Its shutdown, however, will solve nothing.


Whence piracy


Especially in film industry circles, the debate over online piracy is often put in financial terms: a film downloaded illegally is equal to X dollars in lost revenue for a film company. But that’s nonsense. Especially in the case of Asia’s movie pirates, the people downloading films would not be paying customers if torrents weren’t available.


As a filmmaker myself, I understand the anti-piracy side of this argument. But at the same time – I guess I might as well just admit this – I’m a movie pirate too. Why? Because often if you want Chinese subs, there’s no other option.


film pull quote 1The situation is bad enough in China, where officially licensed DVDs of foreign films with good subtitles are hard to find unless the film was a major blockbuster. More and more foreign films and TV shows are being offered on streaming services like Youku, but there is still plenty of content out there that you’ll pretty much never get in Chinese unless you pirate it.


Outside of China, the situation is much worse because many of China’s streaming sites have region blocks that prevent overseas viewers from watching, and DVDs with Chinese-language subtitles are all but impossible to find. If you think that’s a minor problem, think again: estimates peg the global overseas Chinese diaspora at around 50 million. Not all of them want to watch foreign films with Chinese subs, of course, but even so that’s a lot of people who can’t easily get legal copies of the films they want in the language they want.


Don’t take my word for it; plenty of Chinese foreign film fans have said the same thing. A Phoenix News article about the shutdown, for example, quotes American TV show buff Li Xiang as saying: “I’ve waited a few years to find out the ending of an American TV show I like, but now I can’t watch it. In the future if I want to watch it, I’ll just have to struggle to learn English first.”


Admittedly, there are people who pirate films just to save money, both in China and elsewhere. But especially in Asia, there are also many people who pirate films only because that’s the easiest way to watch the film with subtitles in their native language. Shutting down a site like Shooter.cn is not going to send China’s movie pirates rushing out to the store to pick up DVDs, because they’re not just pirating films to save money. They’re pirating films because it’s actually a better user experience.


Superior subs


Another issue is that the fan-made subtitles available for pirated films and shows are sometimes better than the official subtitles. It makes sense when you think about it: the official subs were probably translated by an overworked and underpaid translator, while fan subs are painstakingly translated by people who love the film or show they’re working on. The result is that the official subs are often just a passable rendering of the script, while the fan-made subs go deeper into the nuances, do things like attempt to imitate local dialects, and sometimes even offer additional notes and onscreen help. For example, good fan subs of comedies often include notes that explain Western cultural references. In complicated dramas like Game of Thrones, the best fan subs even include onscreen reminders when a character first appears in each episode, just in case you forgot who they were.


The end result is that while downloading fan-made subtitles can be a crapshoot – there are also some bad ones, and plenty that have sync or encoding issues – the best fan subs offer a better user experience than the official Chinese subtitles. For film studios, that’s not a good thing. Users are never going to voluntarily switch from a superior user experience to an inferior one. And a decade of trying to force them to abandon the superior user experience offered by piracy has shown that it’s simply not possible.


How to actually fight movie piracy


Historically, shutting down sites that facilitate movie piracy has been a fool’s errand. Even the arrest of its last free founder still hasn’t shut down The Pirate Bay. And in China, popular pirate site VeryCD’s links were removed back in 2011, but piracy remains rampant.


The solution to pirates isn’t to try to beat them by shutting them out, it’s to try to beat them by offering a better user experience. If downloading a pirated film and Chinese subs is easy, make downloading your film and localized subs legally even easier. If you don’t have the money to localize your subtitles for Asia, then co-opt the fan community and crowd-source them (you’ll probably get a better product that way anyway).


pull quote 2American comedian Louis CK has offered one pretty helpful blueprint for this over the past few years. Rather than attempting to stop pirates from downloading his comedy videos, he offers them directly on his site for low prices, and fans can choose to download or stream them (or both). Since he started doing that, he’s made quite a bit of money and become arguably the most popular comedian in the US. The same approach might work for a film company, especially if it offered subtitle downloads in the same place so that users could quickly and easily buy and download both the film and subtitles in their local language.


Alternatively, someone could create a service like Viki in reverse. Viki offers Asian TV dramas with English and other local subtitles, but Asia could really use a site that legally streams popular Western dramas in a variety of Asian languages with similarly good subtitles. Sure, there are streaming sites in China that license some Western TV shows and subtitle them, and that’s a big part of why movie piracy is a smaller problem than it was five years ago. But there are still tons of in-demand shows and movies that you simply can’t find with Chinese subs unless you pirate them. Someone needs to change that.


It doesn’t matter how many websites like Shooter.cn get shut down; movie pirates are here to stay until film companies (or maybe some clever startup) can offer a better user experience.


The day I can quickly and easily buy and download any film with Chinese subtitles to watch with my family, I’ll delete my torrenting software on the spot. But until that day comes, Asia’s film pirates are probably going nowhere.


See: CEO of China’s most popular piracy app arrested after 110 days on the run


This post Killing China’s subtitle sites won’t stop movie piracy. Here’s what will. appeared first on Tech in Asia.







Killing China’s subtitle sites won’t stop movie piracy. Here’s what will.

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